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<title>Benjamin Piatt Runkle</title>

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</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Benjamin Piatt Runkle</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: 100%">Benjamin Piatt Runkle</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1836-09-03</span>)</span>September 3, 1836<br><a href="West_Liberty%2C_Ohio" title="West Liberty, Ohio">West Liberty, Ohio</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">June 28, 1916<span style="display:none">(1916-06-28)</span> (aged 79)<br><a href="Hillsboro%2C_Ohio" title="Hillsboro, Ohio">Hillsboro, Ohio</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Place of burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a> in <a href="Arlington_County%2C_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington County, Virginia</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="United_States" title="United States"></a></span></span> <a href="United_States" title="United States">United States of America</a><br><a href="Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a><br><a href="Union_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Army">Union Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1861–1870</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"></span> <a href="Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">Colonel</a><br><span typeof="mw:File"></span> <a href="Brevet_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brevet (military)">Brevet</a> <a href="Major_general_(United_States)" title="Major general (United States)">Major General</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="13th_Ohio_Infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="13th Ohio Infantry">13th Ohio Infantry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="45th_Ohio_Infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="45th Ohio Infantry">45th Ohio Infantry</a><br>Cavalry Brigade, Gilmore's Division, <a href="Department_of_the_Ohio" title="Department of the Ohio">Department of the Ohio</a><br>3rd Brigade, 4th Division, <a href="XXIII_Corps_(Union_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="XXIII Corps (Union Army)">XXIII Corps</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> <div><ul><li><a href="Battle_of_Carnifex_Ferry" title="Battle of Carnifex Ferry">Carnifex Ferry</a></li><li><a href="Battle_of_Shiloh" title="Battle of Shiloh">Shiloh</a></li><li><a href="Battle_of_Dutton's_Hill_Monument" title="Battle of Dutton's Hill Monument">Dutton's Hill</a></li><li><a href="Defense_of_Cincinnati" title="Defense of Cincinnati">Defense of Cincinnati</a></li><li><a href="Morgan's_Raid" title="Morgan's Raid">Morgan's Raid</a></li><li><a href="Battle_of_Rocky_Face_Ridge" title="Battle of Rocky Face Ridge">Rocky Face Ridge</a></li><li><a href="Battle_of_Resaca" title="Battle of Resaca">Resaca</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Relations</th><td class="infobox-data">General <a href="Abram_S._Piatt" title="Abram S. Piatt">Abram S. Piatt</a> (Uncle)<br><a href="Donn_Piatt" title="Donn Piatt">Donn Piatt</a> (Uncle)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Other work</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Freedmen's_Bureau" title="Freedmen's Bureau">Freedmen's Bureau</a> <br>Episcopal priest <br>Miami University trustee</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Benjamin Piatt Runkle</b> (September 3, 1836 – June 28, 1916) was an American military officer, <a href="Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopal</a> <a href="Priest" title="Priest">priest</a>, and <a href="Freemason" class="mw-redirect" title="Freemason">Freemason</a>, who is noted as being one of the seven founders of <a href="Sigma_Chi" title="Sigma Chi">Sigma Chi</a> <a href="Fraternities_and_sororities" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraternities and sororities">fraternity</a>. Prior to joining the clergy, he served in the <a href="Union_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Army">Union Army</a> during the <a href="American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served as Chief Superintendent of <a href="Freedmen's_Bureau" title="Freedmen's Bureau">Freedmen's Affairs</a> in <a href="Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a>, and was <a href="Plaintiff" title="Plaintiff">plaintiff</a> in the <a href="Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> case <a href="Runkle_v._United_States" title="Runkle v. United States">Runkle v. United States</a>. Runkle also twice served as trustee of <a href="Miami_University" title="Miami University">Miami University</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div>

<p>Runkle was born in <a href="West_Liberty%2C_Ohio" title="West Liberty, Ohio">West Liberty, Ohio</a>, to Ralph Edwin Runkle and Hannah Isabella Piatt. He attended <a href="Geneva_College" title="Geneva College">Geneva College</a> and, later, <a href="Miami_University" title="Miami University">Miami University</a>, from which he graduated in July 1857.<sup id="cite_ref-Fisher1899_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fisher1899-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While attending Miami University, Runkle became a <a href="Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemason</a> as well as one of the seven founders of the Sigma Chi fraternity.

</p><p>Runkle married Venitia Reynolds on June 4, 1857, and their daughter, Maud Elizabeth Runkle, was born on January 15, 1859, in Findlay, Ohio.<sup id="cite_ref-Fisher1899_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fisher1899-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After college, he studied law under General <a href="Samson_Mason" title="Samson Mason">Samson Mason</a> in Springfield and was admitted to the bar in July 1859.<sup id="cite_ref-MiamiU1917_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MiamiU1917-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the 1860 Democratic candidate for the Ohio State Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-Fisher1899_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fisher1899-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Runkle volunteered for an Ohio <a href="Militia" title="Militia">militia</a> company and, when the Civil War began, it became a part of the <a href="13th_Ohio_Infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="13th Ohio Infantry">13th Ohio Infantry</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Civil_War">Civil War</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="13th_Ohio_Infantry">13th Ohio Infantry</h3></div>

<p>Runkle was commissioned as a captain in the <a href="13th_Ohio_Infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="13th Ohio Infantry">13th Ohio Infantry</a> on April 22, 1861, and served as such until November 8, 1861, when he was promoted to the rank of major after the <a href="Battle_of_Carnifex_Ferry" title="Battle of Carnifex Ferry">Battle of Carnifex Ferry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RUNKLEvUS_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RUNKLEvUS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 1862 the 13th Ohio, then in Virginia, made a forced march to join General <a href="Don_Carlos_Buell" title="Don Carlos Buell">Don Carlos Buell</a>'s forces in Kentucky, then continued with Buell's forces to the <a href="Battle_of_Shiloh" title="Battle of Shiloh">Battle of Shiloh</a>. Upon arrival, the regiment led an attack that captured the Washington Artillery Battery of New Orleans. He was shot through the feet during a Confederate counter-attack, but continued until wounded again with a shot through the right jaw.<sup id="cite_ref-Society1986_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Society1986-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CaldwellJones2010_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CaldwellJones2010-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was thought to be mortally wounded, and Whitelaw Reid, then a correspondent for the Cincinnati Gazette, had seen Runkle's wounds and filed a glowing obituary saying in part "He died a hero. Green grows the grass above his grave."<sup id="cite_ref-CaldwellJones2010_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CaldwellJones2010-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Runkle not only survived but outlived Reid, and in turn praised him in an obituary. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel in May 1862.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="45th_Ohio_Infantry">45th Ohio Infantry</h3></div>

<p>After recovering from his wounds, on August 19, 1862, he was commissioned Colonel of the <a href="45th_Ohio_Infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="45th Ohio Infantry">45th Ohio Infantry</a>. The regiment was ordered to <a href="Cynthiana%2C_Kentucky" title="Cynthiana, Kentucky">Cynthiana, Kentucky</a>, where it remained until General <a href="Kirby_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirby Smith">Kirby Smith</a>'s advance following the Confederate victory at the <a href="Battle_of_Richmond" title="Battle of Richmond">Battle of Richmond</a>, Kentucky on August 30, 1862, forced the 45th Ohio, along with the <a href="99th_Ohio_Infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="99th Ohio Infantry">99th Ohio Infantry</a>, to pull back to the Ohio River at <a href="Covington%2C_Kentucky" title="Covington, Kentucky">Covington, Kentucky</a>, where they participated in the <a href="Defense_of_Cincinnati" title="Defense of Cincinnati">Defense of Cincinnati</a>. In mid– February the regiment was mounted at <a href="Danville%2C_Kentucky" title="Danville, Kentucky">Danville, Kentucky</a>, and Colonel Runkle commanded the brigade formed by the mounted 45th Ohio along with the <a href="7th_Ohio_Cavalry" class="mw-redirect" title="7th Ohio Cavalry">7th Ohio Cavalry</a> and <a href="10th_Regiment_Kentucky_Volunteer_Cavalry" class="mw-redirect" title="10th Regiment Kentucky Volunteer Cavalry">10th Kentucky Cavalry</a> regiments.<sup id="cite_ref-RUNKLEvUS_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RUNKLEvUS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Paris_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paris-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Runkle's men broke the enemy line at the <a href="Battle_of_Dutton's_Hill_Monument" title="Battle of Dutton's Hill Monument">Battle of Dutton's Hill</a> in Somerset, Kentucky on March 30, 1863, and he was thanked for his gallantry on the field by <a href="Quincy_Adams_Gillmore" title="Quincy Adams Gillmore">Quincy Gillmore</a>, the commanding general, who gave Colonel Runkle's command entire credit for the victory.<sup id="cite_ref-Fisher1899_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fisher1899-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VeteranReserve_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VeteranReserve-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fought in the Battle at Monticello, Kentucky on May 1, 1863, where Confederate forces under <a href="John_Pegram_(general)" title="John Pegram (general)">General Pegram</a> were driven from the field.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_commands">Other commands</h3></div>

<p>From July 1863 to January 1864, while recovering from wounds, he served on the staff of Ohio governor <a href="David_Tod" title="David Tod">David Tod</a> and led Ohio Militia units in response to <a href="Morgan's_Raid" title="Morgan's Raid">Morgan's Raid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SigmaChi_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SigmaChi-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later commanded the 3rd Brigade of the 4th Division of the <a href="XXIII_Corps_(Union_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="XXIII Corps (Union Army)">XXIII Corps</a> in Kentucky and Tennessee and participated in <a href="William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">Sherman's</a> <a href="Atlanta_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta Campaign">Atlanta Campaign</a> at the battles of <a href="Battle_of_Rocky_Face_Ridge" title="Battle of Rocky Face Ridge">Rocky Face Ridge</a> and <a href="Battle_of_Resaca" title="Battle of Resaca">Resaca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Runkle was honorably mustered out July 21, 1864, and on August 29, 1864, he was appointed lieutenant colonel in the Veteran Reserve Corps where he commanded the 21st Regiment until the war ended.<sup id="cite_ref-RUNKLEvUS_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RUNKLEvUS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SigmaChi_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SigmaChi-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Freedmen's_Bureau">Freedmen's Bureau</h2></div>

<p>While in the Veteran Reserve Corps, Runkle was assigned to work at the <a href="Freedmen's_Bureau" title="Freedmen's Bureau">Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (Freedmen's Bureau)</a> where he served as Chief Superintendent of the Freedmen's Bureau for Memphis, Tennessee.<sup id="cite_ref-Rosén2009_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosén2009-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>On January 13, 1866, <a href="President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a> nominated Runkle for appointment to the grade of <a href="Brevet_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brevet (military)">brevet</a> <a href="Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">brigadier general</a> of volunteers, to rank from November 9, 1865, and the <a href="United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> confirmed the appointment on March 12, 1866.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>He served as the Chief Superintendent of the Freedmen's Bureau for Memphis, Tennessee during the violent <a href="Memphis_Riots_of_1866" class="mw-redirect" title="Memphis Riots of 1866">Memphis Riots of 1866</a> on May 1, 1866, where, since he had few troops available, he was powerless to protect the black Union veterans who had been mustered out of the army the previous day.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 7, 1869, Runkle became the head Superintendent of Freedmen's Affairs, State of Kentucky. Since the government had announced plans to terminate Freedmen's Bureau operations in Kentucky, Runkle, and his caretaker staff presided over bureau school closings and the dispersal of the remaining funds, which were completed in the summer of 1870, although the veterans' claim offices remained open through June 1872.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lucas2003_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lucas2003-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While serving as both an active duty army major and as a disbursing officer of the Freedmen's Bureau for the State of Kentucky in 1870, he was placed on the retired list as major, but continued as a disbursing officer until he was arrested and tried before a court-martial for financial irregularities on the part of his sub-agents for "alleged failures to pay, or to pay in full".<sup id="cite_ref-RUNKLEvUS_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RUNKLEvUS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Peirce1901_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peirce1901-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Court-martial">Court-martial</h2></div>

<p>The court-martial found Runkle guilty of conduct unbecoming an officer and gentleman and of violating the March 2, 1863, c. 67, § 1, Act of Congress. His sentence was imprisonment, payment of a fine, and dismissal from the army, where he had been serving on the retired list and drawing retired pay. The Secretary of War, <a href="William_W._Belknap" title="William W. Belknap">William W. Belknap</a>, reviewed the proceedings and in 1873 issued an order approving Runkle's conviction, but in consideration of his war service and wounds, granted Runkle executive clemency in the name of the President and eliminated the fine and prison sentence. However, his dismissal from the army remained in effect. Under the law at that time, any court-martial sentence involving an officer's dismissal in peacetime needed to be confirmed by the President, and there was no indication in this order that the conviction was confirmed by President <a href="Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> himself.<sup id="cite_ref-RUNKLEvUS_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RUNKLEvUS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>On the same day that he was cashiered, Runkle petitioned President Grant, complaining that his sentence had not been confirmed by the President.<sup id="cite_ref-GrantSimon1991_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GrantSimon1991-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This petition was referred by Grant to the Judge Advocate General for review. Runkle objected to the court-martial specifically because President Grant had appointed the officers who served on it.<sup id="cite_ref-Kastenberg_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kastenberg-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially, General Joseph Holt, the Judge Advocate General, determined that the court-martial conformed to the Articles of War and that because the president, as commander in chief, had an inherent authority to convene courts-martial, Grant's role in Runkle's trial was sound. It remained open when President <a href="Rutherford_B._Hayes" title="Rutherford B. Hayes">Rutherford B. Hayes</a> came into office, as President Grant had done nothing further in the matter. On the advice of Holt's successor, General William McKee Dunn, Hayes then picked it up as unfinished business and registered an order of disapproval, revoking the 1873 order dismissing Runkle.<sup id="cite_ref-RUNKLEvUS_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RUNKLEvUS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kastenberg_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kastenberg-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Supreme_Court_Case_–_Runkle_v._United_States">Supreme Court Case – Runkle v. United States</h2></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Runkle_v._United_States" title="Runkle v. United States">Runkle v. United States</a></div>

<p>On the authority of the executive order, Runkle was given retirement pay – both from the date of the Hayes order going forward and back pay to the date he was dismissed. In 1882, he claimed additional longevity pay, which was referred to the Court of Claims. In the Court of Claims, however, the government challenged his right to any pay at all, asserting that Hayes did not have the right to revoke the 1873 order confirming Runkle's dismissal, and demanded Runkle reimburse the government for the pay he had received following Hayes' disapproval of the court-martial decision. Runkle appealed to the Supreme Court, which found in his favor, ruling that Runkle was never legally dismissed from the army, and was entitled to longevity pay, as well as the regular pay he already received, both before and after Secretary Belknap's order was revoked.<sup id="cite_ref-RUNKLEvUS_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RUNKLEvUS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2></div>

<p>When he retired from military service in 1870, Runkle was a major and brevetted <a href="Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">colonel</a> in the <a href="Regular_Army_(United_States)" title="Regular Army (United States)">Regular Army</a>. From 1879– to 1880 he studied at the Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary in Gambier, Ohio, and from 1880–1885 served as rector of parishes at Galena, Ohio, Midland, Michigan, Minneapolis, Minnesota, and Greencastle, Indiana.<sup id="cite_ref-MiamiU1917_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MiamiU1917-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Runkle married his second wife, Lalla McMicken, February 10, 1894, in Los Angeles, California.<sup id="cite_ref-McDowells_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McDowells-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Runkle was the only founder of Sigma Chi to become Grand Consul, serving as the seventh national president from 1895 to 1897.<sup id="cite_ref-Fisher1899_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fisher1899-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Runkle held commands at the <a href="Peekskill_Military_Academy" title="Peekskill Military Academy">Peekskill Military Academy</a>, the Military School in Freehold, New Jersey, and at the <a href="Miami_Military_Institute" title="Miami Military Institute">Miami Military Institute</a> in Germantown, Ohio from 1902 to 1909. He served as trustee of Miami University from 1863–1872 and from 1912 until his death. Runkle died at his home in Hillsboro, Ohio on June 28, 1916, the fraternity's sixty-first birthday.<sup id="cite_ref-MiamiU1917_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MiamiU1917-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is buried in <a href="Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a>, Section 1, Grave 240, in <a href="Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

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<ul><li><a href="List_of_American_Civil_War_brevet_generals_(Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of American Civil War brevet generals (Union)">List of American Civil War brevet generals (Union)</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFTobey1900" class="citation book cs1">Tobey, Walter Lawrence (1900). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/bprunkle.htm"><i>The Diamond Anniversary Volume</i></a>. Oxford, Ohio: Miami University. p. 7<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><br>*Runkle's correct styling in this 1900 volume..."A Poem In Honor of the Seventy-fifth Anniversary of the Founding of Miami University By Benjamin Piatt Runkle, LHD, Class of 1857. I Major and Brevet Colonel US Army. Brevet Major General U.S. Volunteers, A Founder of the Sigma Chi..."</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Fisher1899-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fisher1899_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fisher1899_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fisher1899_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fisher1899_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fisher1899_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBen_van_Doren_Fisher1899" class="citation book cs1">Ben van Doren Fisher (1899). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/runklefamilybein00fish"><i>The Runkle family: being an account of the Runkels in Europe, and their descendants in America</i></a>. T. A. Wright. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/runklefamilybein00fish/page/n254">123</a>–<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-MiamiU1917-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MiamiU1917_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MiamiU1917_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MiamiU1917_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMiami_University_(Oxford,_Ohio)1917" class="citation book cs1">Miami University (Oxford, Ohio) (1917). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GOLOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA26"><i>Bulletin</i></a>. p. 26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-RUNKLEvUS-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RUNKLEvUS_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RUNKLEvUS_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RUNKLEvUS_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RUNKLEvUS_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RUNKLEvUS_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RUNKLEvUS_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RUNKLEvUS_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite><i>RUNKLE v. U S</i></cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://laws.findlaw.com/us/122/543.html">122 U.S. 543</a> (U.S. Supreme Court May 27, 1887).</span>

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<li id="cite_note-Society1986-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Society1986_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWebb1986" class="citation journal cs1">Webb, Ross A. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uzN5AAAAMAAJ">"The Past Is Never Dead, It's Not Even Past – Benjamin P. Runkle and the Freedmen's Bureau in Kentucky, 1866-1877"</a>. <i>The Register of the Kentucky Historical Society</i>. <b>84</b> (Autumn 1986). Kentucky Historical Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-CaldwellJones2010-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CaldwellJones2010_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CaldwellJones2010_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Parks_CaldwellGeorge_H._JonesJames_D._Hardy,_Jr._(INT)2010" class="citation book cs1">James Parks Caldwell; George H. Jones; James D. Hardy, Jr. (INT) (6 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g3DCctKzUQ8C&pg=PA25"><i>A Northern Confederate at Johnson's Island Prison: The Civil War Diaries of James Parks Caldwell</i></a>. McFarland. p. 25. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-7864-4471-7</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Paris-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Paris_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120426054829/http://paris.ky.gov/45th%20OH.htm">"45th Ohio Regiment, U.S.A."</a> <i>History of Paris, Kentucky</i>. City of Paris, KY. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paris.ky.gov/45th%20OH.htm">the original</a> on 26 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-VeteranReserve-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VeteranReserve_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hbKDtzsAGUEC&pg=PA3"><i>Field record of officers of the Veteran Reserve Corps, from the commencement to the close of the rebellion</i></a>. Gale Cengage Learning. p. 3. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-4328-0719-1</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-SigmaChi-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SigmaChi_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SigmaChi_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph_C._Nate1917" class="citation book cs1">Joseph C. Nate (1917). Byron D. Stokes (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ThATAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA11"><i>The Sigma Chi Quarterly: The Official Organ of the Sigma Chi Fraternity</i></a>. Vol. XXXVI. Chicago, Illiinois: The Sigma Chi Fraternity. p. 11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1">"<a href="Official_Records_of_the_War_of_the_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Official Records of the War of the Rebellion">Series I Volume XXXIX Part II</a>". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=moawar;cc=moawar;q1=Runkle;rgn=full%20text;idno=waro0078;didno=waro0078;view=image;seq=0073"><i>The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies</i></a>. Washington, DC: Washington Govt. Printing Office. 1891. p. 71<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Rosén2009-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rosén2009_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHannah_Rosén2009" class="citation book cs1">Hannah Rosén (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l7pRXxVk8mQC&pg=PA286"><i>Terror in the heart of freedom: citizenship, sexual violence, and the meaning of race in the postemancipation South</i></a>. Univ of North Carolina Press. p. 286. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-8078-5882-0</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eicher, John H., and <a href="David_J._Eicher" title="David J. Eicher">David J. Eicher</a>, <i>Civil War High Commands.</i> Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-8047-3641-1</bdi>. p. 756.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://freedmensbureau.com/tennessee/outrages/memphisriot.htm">"Report of an investigation of the cause, origin, and results of the late riots in the city of Memphis made by Col. Charles F. Johnson, Inspector General States of Ky. And Tennessee and Major T. W. Gilbreth, A. D. C. To Maj. Genl. Howard, Commissioner Bureau R. F. & A. Lands"</a>. <i>Records of the Assistant Commissioner for the State of Tennessee, Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, 1865-1869 National Archives Microfilm Publication M999, Roll 34</i>. National Archives<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRunkle2009" class="citation book cs1">Runkle, Benjamin Piatt (July 20, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Delivered-Freedmens-Kentucky-Freedmen-Louisville/dp/B002JCSTLY"><i>Address / Delivered by Bvt. Col. Ben. P. Runkle, U. S. A. Chief Supt. Freedmen's Affairs, State of Kentucky, to the Freedmen of Louisville, October 1868</i></a>. Qontro Historical Reprints. <a href="ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B002JCSTLY">B002JCSTLY</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Lucas2003-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lucas2003_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMarion_Brunson_Lucas2003" class="citation book cs1">Marion Brunson Lucas (June 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=84Qf2qKyZiEC&pg=PA363"><i>A history of Blacks in Kentucky: from slavery to segregation, 1760-1891</i></a>. University Press of Kentucky. p. 363. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-916968-32-8</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Peirce1901-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Peirce1901_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Skeels_Peirce1901" class="citation book cs1">Paul Skeels Peirce (1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freedmensbureau00peirgoog"><i>The Freedmen's bureau: a chapter in the history of reconstruction</i></a>. The University of Iowa. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freedmensbureau00peirgoog/page/n141">122</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-GrantSimon1991-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GrantSimon1991_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFUlysses_Simpson_GrantJohn_Y._Simon1991" class="citation book cs1">Ulysses Simpson Grant; John Y. Simon (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Mk7a6J79RO0C&pg=PA449"><i>The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant: January 1-September 30, 1867</i></a>. SIU Press. p. 449. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-8093-1692-2</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Kastenberg-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kastenberg_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kastenberg_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJoshua_Kastenberg2020" class="citation journal cs1">Joshua Kastenberg (Fall 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hofstralawreview.org/archive/volume-49-issue-1-fall-2020/">"Fears of Tyranny: The Fine Line Between Presidential Authority over Military Discipline and Unlawful Command Influence Through the Lens of Military Legal History in the Era of Bergdahl"</a>. <i>Hofstra Law Review</i>. <b>49</b> (1)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-McDowells-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McDowells_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historymcdowell00mcdogoog"><i>History of the McDowells and connections</i></a>. C. B. Johnston. 1918. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historymcdowell00mcdogoog/page/n258">255</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ancexplorer.army.mil/publicwmv/#/arlington-national/search/results/1/CgZydW5rbGUSCGJlbmphbWlu/">Arlington National Cemetery</a></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.sigmachi.org/founders/runkle">Sigma Chi biography</a></li>

<li>Text of <i>Runkle v. United States</i>, 122 U.S. 543 (1887) is available from: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://laws.findlaw.com/us/122/543.html">Findlaw</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://supreme.justia.com/us/122/543/case.html">Justia</a> </li></ul>

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</style><div id="Sigma_Chi49" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Sigma_Chi" title="Sigma Chi">Sigma Chi</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>Founders</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul>

<li><a href="Thomas_Cowan_Bell" title="Thomas Cowan Bell">Thomas Cowan Bell</a></li>

<li>William Lewis Lockwood</li>

<li><a href="Isaac_M._Jordan" title="Isaac M. Jordan">Isaac M. Jordan</a></li>

<li>Daniel William Cooper</li>

<li>Franklin Howard Scobey</li>

<li>James Parks Caldwell</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>Lists</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_Sigma_Chi_members" title="List of Sigma Chi members">Notable alumni</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Sigma_Chi_alumni_chapters" title="List of Sigma Chi alumni chapters">Alumni chapters</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Sigma_Chi_chapters" title="List of Sigma Chi chapters">Undergraduate chapters</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>Other</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Miami_Triad" class="mw-redirect" title="Miami Triad">Miami Triad</a></li>

<li><a href="Children's_Miracle_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Children's Miracle Network">Children's Miracle Network</a></li>

<li><a href="Huntsman_Cancer_Institute" title="Huntsman Cancer Institute">Huntsman Cancer Institute</a></li>

<li>"<a href="Sweetheart_of_Sigma_Chi" title="Sweetheart of Sigma Chi">Sweetheart of Sigma Chi</a>" (song)</li>

<li><a href="The_Sweetheart_of_Sigma_Chi_(film)" title="The Sweetheart of Sigma Chi (film)"><i>The Sweetheart of Sigma Chi</i> (film)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4889118#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata821" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4889118#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata821" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/14368977">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.worldcat.org/fast/385081">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvcYdXBg3d4xWGkKWyWXd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no96067276">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/person/ab4af546-6b86-4f42-861b-115379aaa360">Yale LUX</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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